引射式结冰风洞内圆柱结冰试验

设计并建造了用于结冰研究的小型引射式结冰风洞试验系统,对其结冰气象条件参数进行了标定,给出了试验段水雾均匀区范围,验证了试验冰形的可重复性.在霜状冰和瘤状冰条件下,对直径为25.4mm和50.8mm的圆柱在所建的结冰风洞内进行了结冰试验.试验结果表明:在所研究的结冰条件和结冰时间范围内,霜状冰与瘤状冰的结冰厚度均随时间推进而线性增长;在满足结冰相似准则的情况下,冰形相似性结果良好,无量纲厚度的最大偏差约为10%.      

Three dimensional temperature field in a conducting sphere due to an arbitrarily located split ring heating source

Thermal control of spacecrafts plays an important role in space missions. In the design stage the preliminary thermal analysis of the spacecraft requires an estimate of the conductive thermal resistance between the various spacecraft components. With this in mind, the fully three dimensional problem of determining the thermal field in a conducting sphere with an asymmetric split ring current carrying heating source is resolved in an analytical or almost analytical form, implying either a closed form solution or utmost expressions involving a simple numerical integration. This has immediate application for evaluation of thermal resistance in spacecrafts. Green's function integral techniques are used. Comparisons are made with series solutions and also with purely numerical solutions to contrast the simplicity and highlight the elegance of the present method. Parametric studies reveal expected behavior.     

复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的预测模型

在低速冲击载荷作用下,建立了一种适用于铺层总数较多的复合材料层合板的损伤预测模型。采用三维Puck失效准则预测层内纤维与基体的破坏,并获得基体失效时的断裂面角度。根据低速冲击下复合材料层合板的层间分层损伤机理,同时考虑面内横向正应力、厚度方向正应力、层间剪应力和相邻铺层的损伤状态等因素对界面分层的影响,发展了一种新的冲击分层失效准则。为快速有效地预测铺层总数较多的复合材料层合板的冲击损伤,通过对单元积分点处的应变进行线性插值,提出了在单个实体单元内预测多个铺层损伤的数值计算方法。模型成功预测了受冲击层合板具体的失效模式,预测的分层形状和尺寸与试验值吻合较好,并显著减少了有限元模型的规模,表明本文所发展的数值方法对预测复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤的有效性。     

关于轰燃定义、机理和判据的讨论与分析

通过对常见的几种轰燃定义的对比分析,对轰燃进行了新的定义,认为轰燃是室内火灾发展到一定阶段引起非连续介质着火燃烧的现象;在此基础上,根据燃烧学原理提出了轰燃发生的机理,即可燃挥发份和高温烟气层接触发生的剧烈氧化还原反应;并提出了预测轰燃的通用判据,即火灾时室内其它可燃物热解产生的可燃挥发份迅速和空气混合,达到其着火浓度下限且接触到超过可燃物自燃点的高温烟气层。     

Ion-acoustic waves in unmagnetized collisionless weakly relativistic plasma of warm-ion and isothermal-electron using time-fractional KdV equation

Collisionless unmagnetized plasma consisting of a mixture of warm ion-fluid and isothermal-electron is considered, assuming that the ion flow velocity has a weak relativistic effect. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation for small – but finite-amplitude electrostatic ion-acoustic waves in this plasma. The semi-inverse method and Agrawal’s method lead to the Euler–Lagrange equation that leads to the time fractional KdV equation. The variational-iteration method given by He is used to solve the derived time fractional KdV equation. The calculations show that the fractional order may play the same rule of higher order dissipation in KdV equation to modulate the soliton wave amplitude in the plasma system. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as space-plasmas, laser-plasma interaction, plasma sheet boundary layer of the earth’s magnetosphere, solar atmosphere and interplanetary space.     

驾驶员模型对驾驶员诱发振荡评估结果的影响

在飞机设计中,应用不同的驾驶员模型来预测驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一。以人-机闭环系统为研究对象,以某一电传飞机为例,采用Ⅱ型PIO的开环发生点OLOP评估准则,分别使用增益驾驶员模型和修正Neal-Smith驾驶员模型对人机闭环系统中的PIO易感性进行了分析、评估,对比研究了不同驾驶员模型对OLOP评估准则评估结果的影响。仿真结果表明:不同的驾驶员模型对Ⅱ型PIO评估准则(OLOP)的评估结果有较大的影响,相同驾驶员模型下不同的驾驶员增益对评估结果也有影响。在使用OLOP评估准则时应充分考虑驾驶员模型对评估结论的影响。     

基于压差梯度的平流层飞艇艇囊应力计算和仿真

平流层飞艇体积庞大,艇囊表面曲率小,因而蒙皮材料的局部应力集中极易导致飞艇艇囊蒙皮发生过大变形而迅速超压损伤破坏.基于飞艇艇囊内外压力压差梯度载荷条件,建立飞艇艇囊蒙皮受内外压差真实工况下环向与轴向应力的理论计算模型,构建飞艇蒙皮应力分析的Von Mises强度准则.并采用ABAQUS有限元软件非线性仿真艇囊蒙皮分别在超压300,500,800 Pa载荷下的各点环向的Von Mises应力状况.仿真结果与理论模型计算的应力值基本保持一致,飞艇艇囊蒙皮环向Von Mises应力呈现随压差梯度增大而递增的规律,而轴向Von Mises应力大小由环向Von Mises应力、蒙皮局部经纬向曲率共同决定,且两方向的Von Mises应力均与超压载荷大小成正相关关系,为飞艇艇囊蒙皮超压应力评估和强度计算提供基础性研究.     

飞机着陆进近穿越风切变的轨迹响应

大气紊流和风切变对飞行活动影响较大,尤以低空风切变危害最大,严重威胁着民航飞行的安全。鉴于飞行器对抗大气扰动的实际能力有限,正确的飞行对策是回避或改出危险的大气扰动区。本文对某训练飞机着陆进近遭遇风切变时飞机轨迹的变化进行了模拟仿真计算。结果表明,采用恒定迎角策略,即采用最大允许迎角（抖动迎角）和最大油门时,改出效果最佳。同时计算出了某训练飞机在水平风为0时,所能抵抗的最大垂直阵风强度;以及在垂直阵风为0时,所能抵抗的最大水平风强度。